Day: December 28, 2011

By Chaoba Kamson
The Zeliangrong, an indigenous ethnic group of North East belongs to Tibeto- Burman family of Mongoloid stock. The population of this group is found mainly in Tamenglong District of Manipur. They are also found scattered in Manipur Valley of Imphal West District, Imphal East District, Thoubal District, Bishnupur District, Churachandpur District, Senapati District. Outside the state of Manipur, they are found settling in Nagaland in its Peren District, Dimapur District and Kohima District and in Assam in its Haflong District, Cachar District and Heilakandi District.  The present article attempts to examine the Gaan-Ngai festival of Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak people of North East.

The Zeliangrong people are rational and they do not easily give up their religion and culture because of profound values and spiritualism in their traditional belief as a result of this there are about thirty thousand devotees of Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak in the three states

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2011/12/chakaan-gaanngai-the-living-religious-and-cultural-festival/

By Chaoba Kamson
The Zeliangrong, an indigenous ethnic group of North East belongs to Tibeto- Burman family of Mongoloid stock. The population of this group is found mainly in Tamenglong District of Manipur. They are also found scattered in Manipur Valley of Imphal West District, Imphal East District, Thoubal District, Bishnupur District, Churachandpur District, Senapati District. Outside the state of Manipur, they are found settling in Nagaland in its Peren District, Dimapur District and Kohima District and in Assam in its Haflong District, Cachar District and Heilakandi District.  The present article attempts to examine the Gaan-Ngai festival of Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak people of North East.

The Zeliangrong people are rational and they do not easily give up their religion and culture because of profound values and spiritualism in their traditional belief as a result of this there are about thirty thousand devotees of Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak in the three states

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2011/12/chakaan-gaanngai-the-living-religious-and-cultural-festival/

By: G.S. Oinam
Recently Europe and American social media sites started enquiry, why Journalists are too educated? And, why they are authoritative? I can’t comment for other people; but from my experience, journalist mind are rolling, energetic, and they have commitment and socially responsibility too. I have the habit of studying research paper at an average of 15 research papers per month. I used to read and study about 60 research papers in the current one and half month on the relevant topic, in which I have rejected 20 research papers, I have collected relevant data and information from 30 research papers and I do approved 10 research papers as relevant to the subject matter I want to know. These are my personal extra work. In Manipur, Late Laishram Joychandra, Editor, Prajatantra, local vernacular daily paper does the same in his life time. Well, a child can read the same but how can you capture knowledge from your studying for application is a very difficult task. When you read one research paper, you will be very attractive. When you start comparison from one research paper to another, you will find the weakness of other research paper. If you read hundred research papers you will find many joker research papers. Therefore, Dr. X must be careful while writing and delivering your work—time has changed; you alone can’t be authoritative on the subject matter.

Who are doing media research in Manipur? Mostly, library science students of Manipur University and one –two teachers of Journalism in MU do media research.  But, they are happily settled after getting job. Who contribute articles to local media? Mostly teachers of economics, history and political science departments of Manipur University contribute articles. Why working journalist can’t do media research in the state? Their works are overloaded; their salary is not salary-simply honourarium. They can’t do critical analysis on critical situation because it requires qualification, new skills and financial soundness. But who will get benefit after media research? Publisher of media house—Board of Directors of media house must know this idea if they want to improve your media industry. Work culture in Manipur is vividly found in media house, private schools and private clinics; however, staffs are exploited by so called proprietors of the respective institution.

The same is happening in state administration. As a quasi-federal polity, public policy in India is made at three levels—Central, State and Local. It is true that senior level civil servants in the Government of India /Manipur appear to be constantly overworked. But this is mainly because of the heavy burden of day–to-day administrative (implementation) work, which occupies far more time than thinking on policy issues; and the high degree of centralisation of administrative powers. How many state bureaucrats have found never pulled up to the dock of law court, explanations and disciplinary action by higher authorities in their life time before their service retirement?  State bureaucrats are always in the middle between complicated court cases and cabinet decision. The narrowing of choice for the political executive in bureaucratic appointments at the Centre (to a narrower and exogenously selected pool) may be a potential source of political resistance, though this is not likely to be very strong. The State governments may not comply with central “guidance” on career paths as it would blunt the use of transfer as a weapon to secure obedience. However, non-compliance at the state level would not mean a death blow and implementation of this even in the senior postings at the Central government level would be enough to start with.

More problematically however, the concept of ‘weeding out deadwood” is likely to be judicially challenged. Even if the concept is upheld, individuals who are dropped out of the selections may challenge decisions, obtain stays and or secure re-appointment and even promotion. The approach of the Indian courts on matters of this kind has been strongly pro-employee, and the constitutional “doctrine of pleasure” has been greatly eroded.

The skills required for academic success are not necessarily the same as those required for success in public management and public policy making; the services are replete with academically brilliant officers who are poor managers or policy-makers. There are also a few instances of superb administrators with just a Bachelor’s degree. This limitation can be overcome by ensuring that academic achievement is only one factor in the selection process, but it does mean that the benefit of a ‘transparent basis for career progression’ is diminished to that degree.

All IAS/IPS officers should spend their first 10-12 years in general management, largely in field assignments. This will provide them with a thorough grounding in field realities and in basic managerial skills, which are crucial for making the right policy-choices, O.P. Agarwal, IAS and Dr. T.V. Somanathan, IAS, have  mention on their research paper “Public Policy Making In India: Issues and Remedies”. Further, Policy-making processes and structures should ensure the gathering of information on such inter-sectoral impacts, the analysis of trade-offs, and fully informed choices between alternatives after a proper consideration of effects on different sectors. It requires public opinions especially from NGOs, media and Educationalist. Before submitting for policy approval from the cabinet, policy makers has to discuss for re-examine the matter to Policy Advisory Board/ Council. But, where is the Policy Advisory Board in Manipur? What are the amounts of quality inputs of state media, educationalist and NGOs are providing to state government?

A democratic society cannot function properly if everything in it is left only to the State or even to statutory bodies. In the absence of NGOs/civil society, the State machinery and civil servants become the dominant and the only repository of power. A large number of Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are working in the developmental fields. But the number of such NGOs dedicating themselves to preservation of public order is limited. We can perhaps learn from experiences of some of these NGOs and recommend measures to pave the way for their greater involvement. State NGOs has to learn how to prepare innovative projects. Whatever you called projects is nothing but the scheme of government. Problems are already identified; NGOs are simply filled up the format for financial grant for implementation. Your inputs to state government are very important for policy making. Do research work before you prepared for project writing. Only then, NGOs reputation will be recognized.

What is wrong to project implementation? Many research papers have common view, factors for  delaying in project implementation like law and order problem, environmental clearance and land acquisition problem, engineering design and planning problem, work awarding problem, availability of skills and semi skills labour, soil—weather problem, cost and time over-runs problem etc. etc; among this , most serious problem is contract work awarding problem in Manipur. For example- 50 kms long road construction work will be share by about 20 contractors. Half of contract works say 25 km will be done by one contractor and the rest 25 km work will be done by the rest 19 contractors. Because, the same work can’t be done by one contractor due to financial problem/ farms turn over problem. How many contractors having turned over of Rs 50 crore do you find in the state? Contractors often face financial crunch due to work overload beyond their financial resources limit and bills pending. Beside, small contractors want more profit. Therefore, state is facing problem while submitting project report in time. Further, Delays in submitting project detail progress reports and utilisation certificate may causes termination of project because project financers/ investor want Investment of Return (IOR) in time. Many examples of unviable Public private partnership (PPP) projects exist in the national highways sub-sector. Three issues that hamper the viability of projects are: projects that are planned beyond their scope, dated cost estimates that lead to insufficient viability gap funding (VGF), and increased risk to the provider due to several contractual terms such as the possibility of termination of concession, if traffic crosses a threshold level.

If current trends continue over the Eleventh and Twelfth Plan periods (2008 to 2017), McKinsey & Company, Inc. Delhi estimates suggest that India could suffer a GDP loss of USD 200 billion (around 10 per cent of its GDP) in fiscal year 2017.

In terms of GDP growth rate, this would imply a loss of 1.1 percentage points. In addition, India’s economy could lose up to USD 160 billion in 2017, by forgoing the industrial productivity impact of infrastructure. However, there is no conclusive approach for estimating the value of such productivity impact, and hence it is not included in our estimate of the GDP loss, which is pegged at USD 200 billion. Inefficiencies in implementing infrastructure projects in India occur at all stages.

While identifying problem we face two things to remember 1) cause and 2) effect. For a critical complex problem, sometimes cause and effect of a problem are indivisible. It happens this way that the problem we are mentioning is not a problem at all, but is actually an effect of another problem.

The relationship between the three (Effect, Problem and Cause) has to be outlined in the Problem Statement of any proposal. If we have an issue, it will be a good exercise to go a step back and forth to find out its cause and effect relationship. The best way to understand the cause of an issue is to ask “Why” continuously i.e. “the why of why”. This will help reveal the cause of the problem. For example, suppose there is high drug abuse and alcohol addiction in our locality which is deadly affected to our society. Here problem is not the drug and alcohol. Real problem is abusive and addictive habit. Unless s/he were addicted in drugs and alcohol, but he might be addicted in others like eating, women, gambling etc. Here, we fine two effects- 1) environment and moral effect which influence the person to abusive and addiction in drug. 2) Effect and influence to other people after s/he was addicted. Confused? Environment and moral of the person may also be a cause of addiction and abused of drug/ alcohol? But there are many other causes to influence him/her to addiction—plenty availability of drug, his/her personal tragedy- even suicidal tendency, unawareness of the bad consequences—health, moral, friend circle and environment etc. if we know the cause and effect of the problem then we will able to find a solution, for which a strategy is required.

The first decade of the 21st century have changed how Manipur must think about “Social Order and Social Security” To meet the multiple challenges of the complex issues, it is crucial that we develop a system that places the right people in the right places in government at the right moment. Consequently, it requires people who are not only substantively qualified and knowledgeable regarding policy issues but also possess the leadership abilities to direct large complex organizations. There are also obviously growing requirements for those with technical expertise, human resource management, finance/comptroller skills, etc.

Training is concerned with teaching what to think and what the answers ought to be. Education is focused on teaching how to think and what the questions ought to be. Training is most frequently used when the goal is to prepare an individual or an organization to execute specified tasks. It often includes task repetition, not unlike an athletic team learning to execute plays, and normally is the preferred method of learning when the goal is to perform operations in which success, failure, and completion can be clearly measured. Education has more to do with how to think about problems and how to deal with challenges that may not lend themselves to outright solutions. It is a matter of intellect, thought, indirect leadership, advice, and consensus building.

Unfortunately in Manipur, writing, teaching and advocacy is not called “doing” even by state elite, intellects. Do you mean teachers are not doing, writers are not doing or public speakers are not doing? Then, what do you mean by doing? Engineers, doctors, bureaucrats, ministers, contractors, businessmen, NGO workers are doing. Because, you are getting materials support you need or money from them. Right?  So, government is right; now you can get earn money from contract works and 6th pay commission, business is profitable and you can get enjoy in wine, sex with prostitute or affairs with other women because poor people will sell their body—consequently create crime against women and alcohol addiction because you know everything and you do not need for advice, teaching and guidance, right? The same case was happen in developing African countries. Whenever they get some income they are almost spent on enjoyment and entertainment items without considering for saving and investment. They feel that they will get income and will enjoy their live as usual forever. What is the objective of individual(s) after getting rich or good income? Building home, buying TV, Refrigerator, expensive cell phone, laptop/ computer, a car and entertainment. Remember— personal tragedy may change your whole life—friend circle, wealth, health, environment, thinking and life style.

What do you feel when you listen the news reports of crimes and violent of Manipur? According to ‘Crime in India 2010’ produced by National Crimes Record Bureau, Manipur has earned the dubious distinction of recording the highest rate of violent crimes ( 34.5%) in the country followed closely by Jammu and Kashmir. Assam (33.4%) has become the country’s fourth most dangerous place to live in and is followed closely by Delhi (30.4%). However, cognisable crimes are decreasing, from 3,349 in 2008 to 2,852 in 2009 to 2,715 in 2010. The number of policemen has gone up from 8,541 in 2009 to 10,249 in 2010.

Manipur has 188 cases of crime against women in 2007-08. 43.9% crime against women and domestic violence according to NCRB, Delhi. The issue of HIV/AIDS is not only a health issue. The issue is a multifarious one encompassing social, economic, legal, human rights and political aspects. In accordance to the epidemiological analysis report of Manipur State AIDS Control Society, there are 38,016 HIV positive people in Manipur till January, 2011. Among this, 10,109 are woman and 2578 are children, and 9985 HIV positive people are receiving ART facilities. The saddest and shocking news is the sudden increasing numbers of HIV positive children!

However, the problem is not only for Manipur; it is an entire North East problem. A Guwahati-based NGO, the Global Organisation for Life Development, which conducted a study recently, has claimed that about 20 per cent of teenagers of the north-eastern region, between 11-17 years, are being compelled to become sex workers. The GOLD officials also underscored that almost half of the child sex workers were from Assam, followed by Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh, while some of the victims were trafficked to brothels in Mumbai Pune and Ahmedabad. Hasina Kharbhih, a team leader of the Meghalaya-based NGO, Impluse, who has been working in this area for many years, said that child prostitution is the immediate result of human trafficking.

Reports of 1000 sex workers working in Mokokchung (Nagaland) envisage possibility of red light area in the town and other towns in NE India. If we add the number of sex workers in Kohima and Dimapur, it may be more than 3000 sex workers in Nagaland writes Dr. R.B. Thohe Pou in www.e-pao.net. A survey conducted by Kristian Thalai Pawl (KTP), youth wing of the Mizoram Presbyterian Church, has revealed that there were more than 1000 commercial sex workers (CSW) operating in Mizoram. Normally, prostitutes, locally referred to as KS (Khawpui Service, or city service) in Aizawl and some cabbie also play important part in their business, highlighted the survey. Ruatfela Nu, as well as other researchers, has disclosed that the number of minors (between 12-13 years of age) among the KS has increased. Mizo sex workers are doing their business widely in Shillong of Meghalaya too. A survey revealed that there are 70 genuine Mizo sex videos currently circulating in and around Mizoram.  62.85% of the people involved in these videos said that they did the films with their own consent while 37.14% of girls in these videos accused their male partners of filming their activities without their knowledge, the survey said.

There are around 1200 female sex workers currently operating this business in Imphal city. Besides, numbers of sex workers in Churachanpur, Moreh of Chandel districts are working.

Clients of Sex Workers in Manipur according to  National Behaviour Surveillance  Survey 2006 is:  Age wise clients in Manipur —age between age between 15-20 is 1.9 % age between 20-25 is 31.5%; age between 26-35 is  45.2%; age between 36-45 is 20.7%   and age above 45 is 0.7%; median age ( age percentage) in a-the years is  29. Among the illiterate cline is 11.5%; grade1-IV is 6.3%; grade V to X is 41.5%; grade XI-XII is 21.1%; above XII is 19.6%. Marital statuses of clients are ever married clients is 44.4 %in 2006 against 55.1% in 2001. Highest clients according to age group are, age group of 20-25 is 46.7% and followed by age group of 26-30 that is 35.8%.  Among them currently married and living with spouse represent 39.6%; Currently married and living with other sexual partner represent 0.4; Currently married and not living with spouse or other sexual partner represent 4.4% Not currently married and living with sexual partner represent 0.4 and Not currently married and not living with sexual partner represent 55.2%. Main Occupation top five of the clients-Local transport worker represents 14.4%; Petty business—16.3; Non agricultural labourer—1.5%; Services—7.8; Truck driver—12.6%; Live in the city/ town—98.9%; Live in the city since birth—67.8%; not staying at regular residence—20.0%;

So, if you know that urban living men both married and unmarried at an average age between 20-40; both educated and uneducated working as labourers, small businessmen, contractors, services are regular clients of sex workers, we have no reason for listening one sided story for increasing sex workers in the state is due to poverty and forced them to do this job from their personal tragedy and now, they can’t change the job. If there is no client there shall be no sex worker in the state; outsider clients is maximum about 30%. Improve your family relationship; know something about spiritual. Spiritual is principles of divine law. It is different from religion. Only legal system, law enforcement and medical advances can’t solve the problem.  Recruit them in security forces if some of them are found fit.

My theoretical argument is that actual legal system in reasonable successful society have a clear moral principles behind at lease much of their law. Russel Hardin on his “Law and Social order” argue that there may be many laws within a general legal system that have the other moral bases or that arguably have moral basis at all. The central programme of law to create social order is itself commonly guide by mutual advantage. It would be perverse to say that, if there is a legal system, then it must have been designed to be mutually advantageous. But it not so perverse to say that , if legal system is succeeded in  effecting social order, then it must substantially serve mutual advantage. Mutual advantage, which is simply ordinary utilitarianism, is roughly Paretian. A policy serves mutual advantage if it benefits some and harms none—this is the Pareto Principle in Economics.

At a more nearly systematic level, a legal system serve mutual advantage is, ex -ante, it secure social order and opportunity for prosperity. This is the core claim of Thomas Hobbe in his defense of rule by sovereign with the power to secure order. Hobbes supposed that any sovereign must be supported without any threat of attempting reform against that sovereign’s rule. A particular legal system is right or good, however, is essentially to say that it serve as well.

So, if a legal system roughly meets the Pareto criticism, we can say that the system itself is efficient relative to no system at all, as Hobbe’s argue must be true for virtually any system that secures order. If this is a reason for having a legal system, then we might suppose that the same criterion should often apply to the details of the system, that is, to the actual content of the various laws, Russel Hardin opinioned. Any legal system that is heavily infused with morality will work well only when if its subjects share the morality. We want a greater welfare; we achieve it by creating institutions that regulate behaviour and make it a matter of legal duty. This is what Fuller describes elsewhere as the “coordination function of Law”.

Further, State is deeply concerned about educated unemployment; it has been recorded 7.02 lakh in 2011 in about 25 lakhs population of the state n which Imphal East and Imphal West represent 3.30 lakhs educated unemployed registered in the employment exchange. Numbers of post graduated registered unemployed is above 13 thousands.

National Rural Employment Guaranteed Act (NREGA) had been extended to all the nine districts of Manipur w.e.f 1st April, 2008. 11, 85, 622 nos of household have been provided employment for which 433,082 nos of job cards issued. 706.14 lakh persons/mandays generated. About 130, 00 educated & uneducated youths have been benefited under Special Employment Generation Programme implemented in the State for providing gainful employment. However, In order to translate outlays into outcomes for MGNREGA, there needs to be a proper plan in place to improve the human resource situation. This exercise is not receiving requisite attention.

Manipur government has target of creating employment opportunities of about 1 lakh in various sectors by 2012. The sectors under which these employment opportunities are to be created are under Agriculture, Horti, Vety & AH, MOBC, Sericulture, Commerce & Industries, Fisheries, Social Welfare, and Tourism etc. Action Plan is being formulated by the various line deptts. However, inflow of tourists in the state is possible after improvement of law and order and after giving awareness to the people for tourist friendly guidelines and infra structural facilities are completed for tourist attraction.

Law and order has become a problem in Manipur since 1948. But the problem was not serious as we are facing in Manipur today. Police can control the situation easily. At the time of integration of Manipur with India on 15th October 1949, Manipur had only 5 Police Stations and 7 Outposts. The strength of the Civil Police was 1 SP, 2 DSP, 5 Inspectors 11- SI , 1-SI Arm Branch, 26 ASI, 16 HC , 4-HC in Arm Branch 262 constable,48 constable arm branch . The total strength of police was 310 personals. The total strength of the Manipur Rifles was 133; in which 1 Subedar, 3 Jamadar, 3 Habildar, 9 Naik, 95 sepoys, 5 Buglars and 13 Bandsmen. The Superintendent of Police was also the Commandant of Manipur Rifles.  The law and order situation in the hill areas of Manipur noticeably improved during the later half of 1961-62 as a result of the effective action taken by the security forces. In the same year, Shri L. Gopal Singh, the then SP brought out a booklet on the History of the Manipur Police. The crime and violent has recorded increasing both in valley and hills since 1980-81.

Half of the law and order problem in the state is related to political problem – it must be settled with political dialogue. And, half of the problem comes from social disorder and social insecurity. Mismanagement, lake of skills, wrong decision making, misused of package, and misused of enforcement body like police and security forces for a long period has comes to social insecurity and social disorder in the state. How MSRTC was closed? Manipur must be the only state does not owned state run public transport corporation in India. Manipur must be among the few states does not have highway police.

According Bha’i’s (spiritual) view- The problems of law and order in many countries of the world are multiplying. There are many reasons for this but fundamentally it is because we are in a transition period between the old order of society and the new world civilization which is evolving. Many people no longer have high moral standards based on religious beliefs. There is no common agreement on what is right and wrong. Theft is often not considered to be wrong if the victim is the place of work, the government or a large institution. Respect for the rights of other people is no longer universal. Building more and more prisons, with stricter regimes, does not stem the tide of crime. What is needed is a fundamental change of attitude in the individual and in society as a whole.

“The most essential thing is that the people must be educated in such a way that no crimes will be committed; for it is possible to educate the masses so effectively that they will avoid and shrink from perpetrating crimes, so that the crime itself will appear to them as the greatest chastisement. They…. will refuse, though they are dying of hunger, to stretch their hands and seize unlawfully the property of their neighbour…”

Development and Security are truly mutually inter-related. We need therefore, to evolve a combined strategy to deal simultaneously with the twin challenges of development and security within the framework of a democratic polity committed to respect for all fundamental human freedoms and also committed to upholding the rule of law. Internal conflict management is the key to the success of participative democracy, strengthening national solidarity and cohesion and firming up the nation’s resolve and capability to meet any external threats to its security and territorial integrity. The deficiencies in this vital area need to be plugged through judicial and police reforms, better citizen participation in governance, transparency and more effective and integrated approach to public order maintenance.

One of the effect of prolong social disorder  and insecurity is Social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia, is an anxiety disorder in which a person has an excessive and unreasonable fear of social situations. A person with social anxiety disorder is afraid that he or she will make mistakes and be embarrassed or humiliated in front of others. The fear may be made worse by a lack of social skills or experience in social situations. In addition, people with social anxiety disorder often suffer “anticipatory” anxiety — the fear of a situation before it even happens — for days or weeks before the event. In many cases, the person is aware that the fear is unreasonable, yet is unable to overcome it. People with social anxiety disorder suffer from distorted thinking, including false beliefs about social situations and the negative opinions of others. Without treatment, social anxiety disorder can negatively interfere with the person’s normal daily routine, including school, work, social activities, and relationships.

There is no single known cause of social anxiety disorder, but research suggests that biological, psychological, and environmental factors may play a role in its development.
· Biological: Social anxiety disorder may be related to an imbalance of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Neurotransmitters are special chemical messengers that help move information from nerve cell to nerve cell in the brain. If the neurotransmitters are out of balance, messages cannot get through the brain properly. This can alter the way the brain reacts to stressful situations, leading to anxiety. In addition, social anxiety disorder appears to run in families. This means that the disorder may be passed on in families through genes, the material that contains instructions for the function of each cell in the body. Natural chemicals in your body may play a role in social anxiety disorder. For instance, an imbalance in the brain chemical serotonin (ser-oh-TOE-nin) may be a factor. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood and emotions, among other things. People with social anxiety disorder may be extra-sensitive to the effects of serotonin
· Brain structure. A structure in the brain called the amygdala (uh-MIG-duh-luh) may play a role in controlling the fear response. People who have an overactive amygdala may have a heightened fear response, causing increased anxiety in social situations.
· Inherited traits. Anxiety disorders tend to run in families. However, it isn’t entirely clear how much of this may be due to genetics and how much is due to learned behavior.
· Psychological & Negative experiences. Children who experience teasing, bullying, rejection, ridicule or humiliation may be more prone to social anxiety disorder. In addition, other negative events in life, such as family conflict or sexual abuse, may be associated with social anxiety disorder. The development of social anxiety disorder may stem from an embarrassing or humiliating experience at a social event in the past.
· Environmental: People with social anxiety disorder may develop their fear from observing the behavior of others or seeing what happened to someone else as the result of their behavior (such as being laughed at or made fun of). Further, children who are sheltered or overprotected by their parents may not learn good social skills as part of their normal development.

Risk factors
Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders. It usually begins in the early to mid-teens, although it can sometimes begin earlier in childhood or in adulthood.

A number of factors can increase the risk of developing social anxiety disorder, including:
· Being female. Females are more likely than males to have social anxiety disorder.
· Family history. You’re more likely to develop social anxiety disorder if your biological parents or siblings have the condition.
· Environment. Social anxiety disorder may be a learned behavior. That is, you may develop the condition after witnessing the anxious behavior of others. In addition, there may be an association between social anxiety disorder and parents who are more controlling or protective of their children.
· Temperament. Children who are shy, timid, withdrawn or restrained when facing new situations or people may be at greater risk.
· New social or work demands. Meeting new people, giving a speech in public or making an important work presentation may trigger social anxiety disorder symptoms for the first time. These symptoms usually have their roots in adolescence, however.
· Having a health condition that draws attention. Facial disfigurement, stuttering, Parkinson’s disease and other health conditions can increase feelings of self-consciousness and may trigger social anxiety disorder in some people.

Social anxiety disorder can cause to individual(s):
· Low self-esteem
· Trouble being assertive
· Negative self-talk
· Hypersensitivity to criticism
· Poor social skills

Social anxiety disorder can also result in:
· A poor work record
· Low academic achievement
· Isolation and difficult social relationships
· Substance abuse
· Excessive drinking, particularly in men
· Even, Suicide.

Whose responsibility is to maintain public order?  This is the duty of the institution (government) to maintain public order. There are many important organs in an institution to track the channels to find out images; the clear image has to be identifying for fixing at right point. Social order and social security are closely interrelated because we are living in a system—failure of one organ will stop the whole system.  For example, a car can’t run without wheels; a car can’t run without staring; a car can’t run without fuel. These are small, small parts- we are not even, discussing about engine or body parts of the car.

Enough for now, we have a lengthy discussion about introductory of Manipur problem. The above introductory note is very witty- it gives no clue to prepare project for Manipur and getting fund from the centre. Tell me honestly, what do you expected from a common man like me? I am not NGO worker / entrepreneur to bring you project. I am neither social worker nor political aspirant to be a future politician. I am not a contractor to build your road and building. Or, I am not a farmer to give you plenty of food. Also, I am neither a central government servant nor state government employee to support you. But I have learnt that there is a vacancy for the post of faithful servant of the people, and for the people— political leaders has no vacancy in the state; there are many leaders. Hire Me!! Because tacit knowledge is difficult to transfers. I am not expensive guy; you are the owner and I am your faithful servant. You will not be expensive to befriend with me. But, I am truly professional and also, I will have no problem to change my job profile for 12 times if necessary; I have already changed for 4 times. I can bring Social Order in the state; my work plan is ready; simply I need invitation and approval from the state. I will teach you new skills, innovative idea and innovative project preparation. By the way, the most challenging second wing to bring Social Security in the state will be ready to fly. I will have the opportunity to interact with 7.02 lakhs educated unemployed people to bring them into productivity. I supposed some of unemployed youths must have productive and they must want greater productivity. Without Productivity, there wouldn’t be any economics, or any economic thinking, good or bad, or any pizza, or anything else. How a conflict-ridden, grossly over-populated place with no resources whatsoever gets rich is simple. The British colonial government turned Hong Kong into an economic miracle by doing nothing. Every people of North east, may be Naga, Kuki, Meitei, Pangal, Tripuris, Mizo,Khasi-Garo- Jyenta, Sikkimist, Arunachalist, Assamess etc have talent; simply they are not getting small support when dearly need to climb up the mountain ( I was working for north east for more than 3 years and visited to every corner of north east and learnt its vibrant culture, tradition and habits). If necessary, I will pull dawn the whole global knowledge to fix in Manipur—it is one of the most tough jobs but I have confidence that I will able to win it!

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2011/12/where-is-my-job-card-mr-cm/

By: G.S. Oinam
Recently Europe and American social media sites started enquiry, why Journalists are too educated? And, why they are authoritative? I can’t comment for other people; but from my experience, journalist mind are rolling, energetic, and they have commitment and socially responsibility too. I have the habit of studying research paper at an average of 15 research papers per month. I used to read and study about 60 research papers in the current one and half month on the relevant topic, in which I have rejected 20 research papers, I have collected relevant data and information from 30 research papers and I do approved 10 research papers as relevant to the subject matter I want to know. These are my personal extra work. In Manipur, Late Laishram Joychandra, Editor, Prajatantra, local vernacular daily paper does the same in his life time. Well, a child can read the same but how can you capture knowledge from your studying for application is a very difficult task. When you read one research paper, you will be very attractive. When you start comparison from one research paper to another, you will find the weakness of other research paper. If you read hundred research papers you will find many joker research papers. Therefore, Dr. X must be careful while writing and delivering your work—time has changed; you alone can’t be authoritative on the subject matter.

Who are doing media research in Manipur? Mostly, library science students of Manipur University and one –two teachers of Journalism in MU do media research.  But, they are happily settled after getting job. Who contribute articles to local media? Mostly teachers of economics, history and political science departments of Manipur University contribute articles. Why working journalist can’t do media research in the state? Their works are overloaded; their salary is not salary-simply honourarium. They can’t do critical analysis on critical situation because it requires qualification, new skills and financial soundness. But who will get benefit after media research? Publisher of media house—Board of Directors of media house must know this idea if they want to improve your media industry. Work culture in Manipur is vividly found in media house, private schools and private clinics; however, staffs are exploited by so called proprietors of the respective institution.

The same is happening in state administration. As a quasi-federal polity, public policy in India is made at three levels—Central, State and Local. It is true that senior level civil servants in the Government of India /Manipur appear to be constantly overworked. But this is mainly because of the heavy burden of day–to-day administrative (implementation) work, which occupies far more time than thinking on policy issues; and the high degree of centralisation of administrative powers. How many state bureaucrats have found never pulled up to the dock of law court, explanations and disciplinary action by higher authorities in their life time before their service retirement?  State bureaucrats are always in the middle between complicated court cases and cabinet decision. The narrowing of choice for the political executive in bureaucratic appointments at the Centre (to a narrower and exogenously selected pool) may be a potential source of political resistance, though this is not likely to be very strong. The State governments may not comply with central “guidance” on career paths as it would blunt the use of transfer as a weapon to secure obedience. However, non-compliance at the state level would not mean a death blow and implementation of this even in the senior postings at the Central government level would be enough to start with.

More problematically however, the concept of ‘weeding out deadwood” is likely to be judicially challenged. Even if the concept is upheld, individuals who are dropped out of the selections may challenge decisions, obtain stays and or secure re-appointment and even promotion. The approach of the Indian courts on matters of this kind has been strongly pro-employee, and the constitutional “doctrine of pleasure” has been greatly eroded.

The skills required for academic success are not necessarily the same as those required for success in public management and public policy making; the services are replete with academically brilliant officers who are poor managers or policy-makers. There are also a few instances of superb administrators with just a Bachelor’s degree. This limitation can be overcome by ensuring that academic achievement is only one factor in the selection process, but it does mean that the benefit of a ‘transparent basis for career progression’ is diminished to that degree.

All IAS/IPS officers should spend their first 10-12 years in general management, largely in field assignments. This will provide them with a thorough grounding in field realities and in basic managerial skills, which are crucial for making the right policy-choices, O.P. Agarwal, IAS and Dr. T.V. Somanathan, IAS, have  mention on their research paper “Public Policy Making In India: Issues and Remedies”. Further, Policy-making processes and structures should ensure the gathering of information on such inter-sectoral impacts, the analysis of trade-offs, and fully informed choices between alternatives after a proper consideration of effects on different sectors. It requires public opinions especially from NGOs, media and Educationalist. Before submitting for policy approval from the cabinet, policy makers has to discuss for re-examine the matter to Policy Advisory Board/ Council. But, where is the Policy Advisory Board in Manipur? What are the amounts of quality inputs of state media, educationalist and NGOs are providing to state government?

A democratic society cannot function properly if everything in it is left only to the State or even to statutory bodies. In the absence of NGOs/civil society, the State machinery and civil servants become the dominant and the only repository of power. A large number of Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are working in the developmental fields. But the number of such NGOs dedicating themselves to preservation of public order is limited. We can perhaps learn from experiences of some of these NGOs and recommend measures to pave the way for their greater involvement. State NGOs has to learn how to prepare innovative projects. Whatever you called projects is nothing but the scheme of government. Problems are already identified; NGOs are simply filled up the format for financial grant for implementation. Your inputs to state government are very important for policy making. Do research work before you prepared for project writing. Only then, NGOs reputation will be recognized.

What is wrong to project implementation? Many research papers have common view, factors for  delaying in project implementation like law and order problem, environmental clearance and land acquisition problem, engineering design and planning problem, work awarding problem, availability of skills and semi skills labour, soil—weather problem, cost and time over-runs problem etc. etc; among this , most serious problem is contract work awarding problem in Manipur. For example- 50 kms long road construction work will be share by about 20 contractors. Half of contract works say 25 km will be done by one contractor and the rest 25 km work will be done by the rest 19 contractors. Because, the same work can’t be done by one contractor due to financial problem/ farms turn over problem. How many contractors having turned over of Rs 50 crore do you find in the state? Contractors often face financial crunch due to work overload beyond their financial resources limit and bills pending. Beside, small contractors want more profit. Therefore, state is facing problem while submitting project report in time. Further, Delays in submitting project detail progress reports and utilisation certificate may causes termination of project because project financers/ investor want Investment of Return (IOR) in time. Many examples of unviable Public private partnership (PPP) projects exist in the national highways sub-sector. Three issues that hamper the viability of projects are: projects that are planned beyond their scope, dated cost estimates that lead to insufficient viability gap funding (VGF), and increased risk to the provider due to several contractual terms such as the possibility of termination of concession, if traffic crosses a threshold level.

If current trends continue over the Eleventh and Twelfth Plan periods (2008 to 2017), McKinsey & Company, Inc. Delhi estimates suggest that India could suffer a GDP loss of USD 200 billion (around 10 per cent of its GDP) in fiscal year 2017.

In terms of GDP growth rate, this would imply a loss of 1.1 percentage points. In addition, India’s economy could lose up to USD 160 billion in 2017, by forgoing the industrial productivity impact of infrastructure. However, there is no conclusive approach for estimating the value of such productivity impact, and hence it is not included in our estimate of the GDP loss, which is pegged at USD 200 billion. Inefficiencies in implementing infrastructure projects in India occur at all stages.

While identifying problem we face two things to remember 1) cause and 2) effect. For a critical complex problem, sometimes cause and effect of a problem are indivisible. It happens this way that the problem we are mentioning is not a problem at all, but is actually an effect of another problem.

The relationship between the three (Effect, Problem and Cause) has to be outlined in the Problem Statement of any proposal. If we have an issue, it will be a good exercise to go a step back and forth to find out its cause and effect relationship. The best way to understand the cause of an issue is to ask “Why” continuously i.e. “the why of why”. This will help reveal the cause of the problem. For example, suppose there is high drug abuse and alcohol addiction in our locality which is deadly affected to our society. Here problem is not the drug and alcohol. Real problem is abusive and addictive habit. Unless s/he were addicted in drugs and alcohol, but he might be addicted in others like eating, women, gambling etc. Here, we fine two effects- 1) environment and moral effect which influence the person to abusive and addiction in drug. 2) Effect and influence to other people after s/he was addicted. Confused? Environment and moral of the person may also be a cause of addiction and abused of drug/ alcohol? But there are many other causes to influence him/her to addiction—plenty availability of drug, his/her personal tragedy- even suicidal tendency, unawareness of the bad consequences—health, moral, friend circle and environment etc. if we know the cause and effect of the problem then we will able to find a solution, for which a strategy is required.

The first decade of the 21st century have changed how Manipur must think about “Social Order and Social Security” To meet the multiple challenges of the complex issues, it is crucial that we develop a system that places the right people in the right places in government at the right moment. Consequently, it requires people who are not only substantively qualified and knowledgeable regarding policy issues but also possess the leadership abilities to direct large complex organizations. There are also obviously growing requirements for those with technical expertise, human resource management, finance/comptroller skills, etc.

Training is concerned with teaching what to think and what the answers ought to be. Education is focused on teaching how to think and what the questions ought to be. Training is most frequently used when the goal is to prepare an individual or an organization to execute specified tasks. It often includes task repetition, not unlike an athletic team learning to execute plays, and normally is the preferred method of learning when the goal is to perform operations in which success, failure, and completion can be clearly measured. Education has more to do with how to think about problems and how to deal with challenges that may not lend themselves to outright solutions. It is a matter of intellect, thought, indirect leadership, advice, and consensus building.

Unfortunately in Manipur, writing, teaching and advocacy is not called “doing” even by state elite, intellects. Do you mean teachers are not doing, writers are not doing or public speakers are not doing? Then, what do you mean by doing? Engineers, doctors, bureaucrats, ministers, contractors, businessmen, NGO workers are doing. Because, you are getting materials support you need or money from them. Right?  So, government is right; now you can get earn money from contract works and 6th pay commission, business is profitable and you can get enjoy in wine, sex with prostitute or affairs with other women because poor people will sell their body—consequently create crime against women and alcohol addiction because you know everything and you do not need for advice, teaching and guidance, right? The same case was happen in developing African countries. Whenever they get some income they are almost spent on enjoyment and entertainment items without considering for saving and investment. They feel that they will get income and will enjoy their live as usual forever. What is the objective of individual(s) after getting rich or good income? Building home, buying TV, Refrigerator, expensive cell phone, laptop/ computer, a car and entertainment. Remember— personal tragedy may change your whole life—friend circle, wealth, health, environment, thinking and life style.

What do you feel when you listen the news reports of crimes and violent of Manipur? According to ‘Crime in India 2010’ produced by National Crimes Record Bureau, Manipur has earned the dubious distinction of recording the highest rate of violent crimes ( 34.5%) in the country followed closely by Jammu and Kashmir. Assam (33.4%) has become the country’s fourth most dangerous place to live in and is followed closely by Delhi (30.4%). However, cognisable crimes are decreasing, from 3,349 in 2008 to 2,852 in 2009 to 2,715 in 2010. The number of policemen has gone up from 8,541 in 2009 to 10,249 in 2010.

Manipur has 188 cases of crime against women in 2007-08. 43.9% crime against women and domestic violence according to NCRB, Delhi. The issue of HIV/AIDS is not only a health issue. The issue is a multifarious one encompassing social, economic, legal, human rights and political aspects. In accordance to the epidemiological analysis report of Manipur State AIDS Control Society, there are 38,016 HIV positive people in Manipur till January, 2011. Among this, 10,109 are woman and 2578 are children, and 9985 HIV positive people are receiving ART facilities. The saddest and shocking news is the sudden increasing numbers of HIV positive children!

However, the problem is not only for Manipur; it is an entire North East problem. A Guwahati-based NGO, the Global Organisation for Life Development, which conducted a study recently, has claimed that about 20 per cent of teenagers of the north-eastern region, between 11-17 years, are being compelled to become sex workers. The GOLD officials also underscored that almost half of the child sex workers were from Assam, followed by Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh, while some of the victims were trafficked to brothels in Mumbai Pune and Ahmedabad. Hasina Kharbhih, a team leader of the Meghalaya-based NGO, Impluse, who has been working in this area for many years, said that child prostitution is the immediate result of human trafficking.

Reports of 1000 sex workers working in Mokokchung (Nagaland) envisage possibility of red light area in the town and other towns in NE India. If we add the number of sex workers in Kohima and Dimapur, it may be more than 3000 sex workers in Nagaland writes Dr. R.B. Thohe Pou in www.e-pao.net. A survey conducted by Kristian Thalai Pawl (KTP), youth wing of the Mizoram Presbyterian Church, has revealed that there were more than 1000 commercial sex workers (CSW) operating in Mizoram. Normally, prostitutes, locally referred to as KS (Khawpui Service, or city service) in Aizawl and some cabbie also play important part in their business, highlighted the survey. Ruatfela Nu, as well as other researchers, has disclosed that the number of minors (between 12-13 years of age) among the KS has increased. Mizo sex workers are doing their business widely in Shillong of Meghalaya too. A survey revealed that there are 70 genuine Mizo sex videos currently circulating in and around Mizoram.  62.85% of the people involved in these videos said that they did the films with their own consent while 37.14% of girls in these videos accused their male partners of filming their activities without their knowledge, the survey said.

There are around 1200 female sex workers currently operating this business in Imphal city. Besides, numbers of sex workers in Churachanpur, Moreh of Chandel districts are working.

Clients of Sex Workers in Manipur according to  National Behaviour Surveillance  Survey 2006 is:  Age wise clients in Manipur —age between age between 15-20 is 1.9 % age between 20-25 is 31.5%; age between 26-35 is  45.2%; age between 36-45 is 20.7%   and age above 45 is 0.7%; median age ( age percentage) in a-the years is  29. Among the illiterate cline is 11.5%; grade1-IV is 6.3%; grade V to X is 41.5%; grade XI-XII is 21.1%; above XII is 19.6%. Marital statuses of clients are ever married clients is 44.4 %in 2006 against 55.1% in 2001. Highest clients according to age group are, age group of 20-25 is 46.7% and followed by age group of 26-30 that is 35.8%.  Among them currently married and living with spouse represent 39.6%; Currently married and living with other sexual partner represent 0.4; Currently married and not living with spouse or other sexual partner represent 4.4% Not currently married and living with sexual partner represent 0.4 and Not currently married and not living with sexual partner represent 55.2%. Main Occupation top five of the clients-Local transport worker represents 14.4%; Petty business—16.3; Non agricultural labourer—1.5%; Services—7.8; Truck driver—12.6%; Live in the city/ town—98.9%; Live in the city since birth—67.8%; not staying at regular residence—20.0%;

So, if you know that urban living men both married and unmarried at an average age between 20-40; both educated and uneducated working as labourers, small businessmen, contractors, services are regular clients of sex workers, we have no reason for listening one sided story for increasing sex workers in the state is due to poverty and forced them to do this job from their personal tragedy and now, they can’t change the job. If there is no client there shall be no sex worker in the state; outsider clients is maximum about 30%. Improve your family relationship; know something about spiritual. Spiritual is principles of divine law. It is different from religion. Only legal system, law enforcement and medical advances can’t solve the problem.  Recruit them in security forces if some of them are found fit.

My theoretical argument is that actual legal system in reasonable successful society have a clear moral principles behind at lease much of their law. Russel Hardin on his “Law and Social order” argue that there may be many laws within a general legal system that have the other moral bases or that arguably have moral basis at all. The central programme of law to create social order is itself commonly guide by mutual advantage. It would be perverse to say that, if there is a legal system, then it must have been designed to be mutually advantageous. But it not so perverse to say that , if legal system is succeeded in  effecting social order, then it must substantially serve mutual advantage. Mutual advantage, which is simply ordinary utilitarianism, is roughly Paretian. A policy serves mutual advantage if it benefits some and harms none—this is the Pareto Principle in Economics.

At a more nearly systematic level, a legal system serve mutual advantage is, ex -ante, it secure social order and opportunity for prosperity. This is the core claim of Thomas Hobbe in his defense of rule by sovereign with the power to secure order. Hobbes supposed that any sovereign must be supported without any threat of attempting reform against that sovereign’s rule. A particular legal system is right or good, however, is essentially to say that it serve as well.

So, if a legal system roughly meets the Pareto criticism, we can say that the system itself is efficient relative to no system at all, as Hobbe’s argue must be true for virtually any system that secures order. If this is a reason for having a legal system, then we might suppose that the same criterion should often apply to the details of the system, that is, to the actual content of the various laws, Russel Hardin opinioned. Any legal system that is heavily infused with morality will work well only when if its subjects share the morality. We want a greater welfare; we achieve it by creating institutions that regulate behaviour and make it a matter of legal duty. This is what Fuller describes elsewhere as the “coordination function of Law”.

Further, State is deeply concerned about educated unemployment; it has been recorded 7.02 lakh in 2011 in about 25 lakhs population of the state n which Imphal East and Imphal West represent 3.30 lakhs educated unemployed registered in the employment exchange. Numbers of post graduated registered unemployed is above 13 thousands.

National Rural Employment Guaranteed Act (NREGA) had been extended to all the nine districts of Manipur w.e.f 1st April, 2008. 11, 85, 622 nos of household have been provided employment for which 433,082 nos of job cards issued. 706.14 lakh persons/mandays generated. About 130, 00 educated & uneducated youths have been benefited under Special Employment Generation Programme implemented in the State for providing gainful employment. However, In order to translate outlays into outcomes for MGNREGA, there needs to be a proper plan in place to improve the human resource situation. This exercise is not receiving requisite attention.

Manipur government has target of creating employment opportunities of about 1 lakh in various sectors by 2012. The sectors under which these employment opportunities are to be created are under Agriculture, Horti, Vety & AH, MOBC, Sericulture, Commerce & Industries, Fisheries, Social Welfare, and Tourism etc. Action Plan is being formulated by the various line deptts. However, inflow of tourists in the state is possible after improvement of law and order and after giving awareness to the people for tourist friendly guidelines and infra structural facilities are completed for tourist attraction.

Law and order has become a problem in Manipur since 1948. But the problem was not serious as we are facing in Manipur today. Police can control the situation easily. At the time of integration of Manipur with India on 15th October 1949, Manipur had only 5 Police Stations and 7 Outposts. The strength of the Civil Police was 1 SP, 2 DSP, 5 Inspectors 11- SI , 1-SI Arm Branch, 26 ASI, 16 HC , 4-HC in Arm Branch 262 constable,48 constable arm branch . The total strength of police was 310 personals. The total strength of the Manipur Rifles was 133; in which 1 Subedar, 3 Jamadar, 3 Habildar, 9 Naik, 95 sepoys, 5 Buglars and 13 Bandsmen. The Superintendent of Police was also the Commandant of Manipur Rifles.  The law and order situation in the hill areas of Manipur noticeably improved during the later half of 1961-62 as a result of the effective action taken by the security forces. In the same year, Shri L. Gopal Singh, the then SP brought out a booklet on the History of the Manipur Police. The crime and violent has recorded increasing both in valley and hills since 1980-81.

Half of the law and order problem in the state is related to political problem – it must be settled with political dialogue. And, half of the problem comes from social disorder and social insecurity. Mismanagement, lake of skills, wrong decision making, misused of package, and misused of enforcement body like police and security forces for a long period has comes to social insecurity and social disorder in the state. How MSRTC was closed? Manipur must be the only state does not owned state run public transport corporation in India. Manipur must be among the few states does not have highway police.

According Bha’i’s (spiritual) view- The problems of law and order in many countries of the world are multiplying. There are many reasons for this but fundamentally it is because we are in a transition period between the old order of society and the new world civilization which is evolving. Many people no longer have high moral standards based on religious beliefs. There is no common agreement on what is right and wrong. Theft is often not considered to be wrong if the victim is the place of work, the government or a large institution. Respect for the rights of other people is no longer universal. Building more and more prisons, with stricter regimes, does not stem the tide of crime. What is needed is a fundamental change of attitude in the individual and in society as a whole.

“The most essential thing is that the people must be educated in such a way that no crimes will be committed; for it is possible to educate the masses so effectively that they will avoid and shrink from perpetrating crimes, so that the crime itself will appear to them as the greatest chastisement. They…. will refuse, though they are dying of hunger, to stretch their hands and seize unlawfully the property of their neighbour…”

Development and Security are truly mutually inter-related. We need therefore, to evolve a combined strategy to deal simultaneously with the twin challenges of development and security within the framework of a democratic polity committed to respect for all fundamental human freedoms and also committed to upholding the rule of law. Internal conflict management is the key to the success of participative democracy, strengthening national solidarity and cohesion and firming up the nation’s resolve and capability to meet any external threats to its security and territorial integrity. The deficiencies in this vital area need to be plugged through judicial and police reforms, better citizen participation in governance, transparency and more effective and integrated approach to public order maintenance.

One of the effect of prolong social disorder  and insecurity is Social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia, is an anxiety disorder in which a person has an excessive and unreasonable fear of social situations. A person with social anxiety disorder is afraid that he or she will make mistakes and be embarrassed or humiliated in front of others. The fear may be made worse by a lack of social skills or experience in social situations. In addition, people with social anxiety disorder often suffer “anticipatory” anxiety — the fear of a situation before it even happens — for days or weeks before the event. In many cases, the person is aware that the fear is unreasonable, yet is unable to overcome it. People with social anxiety disorder suffer from distorted thinking, including false beliefs about social situations and the negative opinions of others. Without treatment, social anxiety disorder can negatively interfere with the person’s normal daily routine, including school, work, social activities, and relationships.

There is no single known cause of social anxiety disorder, but research suggests that biological, psychological, and environmental factors may play a role in its development.
· Biological: Social anxiety disorder may be related to an imbalance of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Neurotransmitters are special chemical messengers that help move information from nerve cell to nerve cell in the brain. If the neurotransmitters are out of balance, messages cannot get through the brain properly. This can alter the way the brain reacts to stressful situations, leading to anxiety. In addition, social anxiety disorder appears to run in families. This means that the disorder may be passed on in families through genes, the material that contains instructions for the function of each cell in the body. Natural chemicals in your body may play a role in social anxiety disorder. For instance, an imbalance in the brain chemical serotonin (ser-oh-TOE-nin) may be a factor. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood and emotions, among other things. People with social anxiety disorder may be extra-sensitive to the effects of serotonin
· Brain structure. A structure in the brain called the amygdala (uh-MIG-duh-luh) may play a role in controlling the fear response. People who have an overactive amygdala may have a heightened fear response, causing increased anxiety in social situations.
· Inherited traits. Anxiety disorders tend to run in families. However, it isn’t entirely clear how much of this may be due to genetics and how much is due to learned behavior.
· Psychological & Negative experiences. Children who experience teasing, bullying, rejection, ridicule or humiliation may be more prone to social anxiety disorder. In addition, other negative events in life, such as family conflict or sexual abuse, may be associated with social anxiety disorder. The development of social anxiety disorder may stem from an embarrassing or humiliating experience at a social event in the past.
· Environmental: People with social anxiety disorder may develop their fear from observing the behavior of others or seeing what happened to someone else as the result of their behavior (such as being laughed at or made fun of). Further, children who are sheltered or overprotected by their parents may not learn good social skills as part of their normal development.

Risk factors
Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders. It usually begins in the early to mid-teens, although it can sometimes begin earlier in childhood or in adulthood.

A number of factors can increase the risk of developing social anxiety disorder, including:
· Being female. Females are more likely than males to have social anxiety disorder.
· Family history. You’re more likely to develop social anxiety disorder if your biological parents or siblings have the condition.
· Environment. Social anxiety disorder may be a learned behavior. That is, you may develop the condition after witnessing the anxious behavior of others. In addition, there may be an association between social anxiety disorder and parents who are more controlling or protective of their children.
· Temperament. Children who are shy, timid, withdrawn or restrained when facing new situations or people may be at greater risk.
· New social or work demands. Meeting new people, giving a speech in public or making an important work presentation may trigger social anxiety disorder symptoms for the first time. These symptoms usually have their roots in adolescence, however.
· Having a health condition that draws attention. Facial disfigurement, stuttering, Parkinson’s disease and other health conditions can increase feelings of self-consciousness and may trigger social anxiety disorder in some people.

Social anxiety disorder can cause to individual(s):
· Low self-esteem
· Trouble being assertive
· Negative self-talk
· Hypersensitivity to criticism
· Poor social skills

Social anxiety disorder can also result in:
· A poor work record
· Low academic achievement
· Isolation and difficult social relationships
· Substance abuse
· Excessive drinking, particularly in men
· Even, Suicide.

Whose responsibility is to maintain public order?  This is the duty of the institution (government) to maintain public order. There are many important organs in an institution to track the channels to find out images; the clear image has to be identifying for fixing at right point. Social order and social security are closely interrelated because we are living in a system—failure of one organ will stop the whole system.  For example, a car can’t run without wheels; a car can’t run without staring; a car can’t run without fuel. These are small, small parts- we are not even, discussing about engine or body parts of the car.

Enough for now, we have a lengthy discussion about introductory of Manipur problem. The above introductory note is very witty- it gives no clue to prepare project for Manipur and getting fund from the centre. Tell me honestly, what do you expected from a common man like me? I am not NGO worker / entrepreneur to bring you project. I am neither social worker nor political aspirant to be a future politician. I am not a contractor to build your road and building. Or, I am not a farmer to give you plenty of food. Also, I am neither a central government servant nor state government employee to support you. But I have learnt that there is a vacancy for the post of faithful servant of the people, and for the people— political leaders has no vacancy in the state; there are many leaders. Hire Me!! Because tacit knowledge is difficult to transfers. I am not expensive guy; you are the owner and I am your faithful servant. You will not be expensive to befriend with me. But, I am truly professional and also, I will have no problem to change my job profile for 12 times if necessary; I have already changed for 4 times. I can bring Social Order in the state; my work plan is ready; simply I need invitation and approval from the state. I will teach you new skills, innovative idea and innovative project preparation. By the way, the most challenging second wing to bring Social Security in the state will be ready to fly. I will have the opportunity to interact with 7.02 lakhs educated unemployed people to bring them into productivity. I supposed some of unemployed youths must have productive and they must want greater productivity. Without Productivity, there wouldn’t be any economics, or any economic thinking, good or bad, or any pizza, or anything else. How a conflict-ridden, grossly over-populated place with no resources whatsoever gets rich is simple. The British colonial government turned Hong Kong into an economic miracle by doing nothing. Every people of North east, may be Naga, Kuki, Meitei, Pangal, Tripuris, Mizo,Khasi-Garo- Jyenta, Sikkimist, Arunachalist, Assamess etc have talent; simply they are not getting small support when dearly need to climb up the mountain ( I was working for north east for more than 3 years and visited to every corner of north east and learnt its vibrant culture, tradition and habits). If necessary, I will pull dawn the whole global knowledge to fix in Manipur—it is one of the most tough jobs but I have confidence that I will able to win it!

Read more / Original news source: http://kanglaonline.com/2011/12/where-is-my-job-card-mr-cm/