By Kuwar Singh
IMPHAL | Nov 29
The first match of Manipur international polo tournament last Wednesday, when the state team took on England 8-3, decided for every competitor—England, Argentina, Morocco, USA and another from India—who their biggest opponent was going to be.
“We are not a very good team,” Manipur team captain Pradeep Kumar Singh had said repeatedly before his team’s passionate finale with Argentina, where he led Manipur to the trophy and the heart of an audience at once furious at every missed opportunity and doting at every goal scored.
Despite Manipur’s win, the captain could cite many reasons for his statement. Between October rains and popular favourite football’s claim to the Mapal Kangjeibung polo ground, the Manipur team could get only three days of practise before opening the tournament against England.
While almost everyone on the foreign teams was a professional polo player, the Manipuri players all have day jobs. “There is no money in polo,” said Pradeep, who works as a hawaldar in the 5th Indian Reserve Battalion.
Pradeep’s family had owned 15 Manipuri ponies, but sold them in 2009 after they became too difficult to maintain, he said. Many players from Argentina, England and the US, on the other hand, have their own farms and dozens of thoroughbred horses to train with. Though the organiser Manipur Horse Riding and Polo Association (MHRPA) provided players with ponies for the tournament, a friend had to lend Pradeep his pony during those three days of practice.
Pradeep’s is not the only family who was lost over what to do with its ponies. “The endangered Manipuri pony is a semi-feral breed. It lived on vast grazing grounds in the valley. Manipuris used to bring them from the fields for either polo or war,” said MHRPA vice-president C. Priyoranjan. “The ponies were never stall-fed. Now that their grazing grounds are disappearing because of the construction spree, people don’t know how to feed them.”
In a state with no surplus cereal production, rearing ponies has become increasingly difficult for farmers who own them, said director of veterinary and animal husbandry services department Dr H. Chaoba Singh.
According to census figures, total number of ponies dropped from 1898 in 2003 to 1101 in 2011. In 2014, while cataloguing ponies for a stud book, MHRPA estimated their strength to be less than 600.
Since the pony has never been used in agriculture and is no longer used in the military, the only purpose it serves is in the game of polo. Manipur prides itself as the birthplace of the equestrian sport. But encroachment of both the ponies’ natural habitat and the open spaces which were used as polo grounds, along with the arrival of games like football and badminton, led to a decline of polo in the state, Priyoranjan said.
“There were 30 polo grounds in Manipur. Today we are left with three, and only on one of them”—Mapal Kangjeibung—“do we get to hold matches, provided it is not already booked for football,” he said.
Despite a continued fall, efforts are being made to revive the game. “It is amazing that polo developed here. Nobody can take that away, but it is going to take strong people to save the sport,” American player Kegan Walsh said. “And it seems to me that everybody here really wants that.”
Ajit Chongtham, a pony breeder, recently began a horse riding school for young boys. He said he has distributed his 40 ponies among his students as it is not feasible for him to feed so many animals.
With no pastures left, if he lets his horses out to graze, they run the risk of getting hit by traffic or eating out of garbage and dying of food poisoning, Chongtham said. In 2007, one of his ponies succumbed to a polythene bag lodged in its intestines.
The reality is not lost on foreign players. “Many of the Manipuri ponies are very skinny,” Argentine player Miguel Uriburu said. “By the third chukker, they get exhausted. They need to be better fed.”
As it is in most other parts of the world, Uriburu said polo is a rich man’s sport in Argentina. In contrast, the game in Manipur is enjoyed by people across class divides, albeit in different seating sections of the stadium.
And just as the pony’s survival is tied to polo, the game too hinges on preservation of the pony. Interest in polo has dwindled also because the rising cost of feeding the ponies has meant that fewer people are playing the sport today.
The Manipur pony conservation and development policy, devised by the previous government, has meanwhile been gathering dust for want of funds.
“The veterinary department has meagre funds. We had applied to the union agriculture ministry for a fund of 39 crores two years ago, but the proposal has not made progress,” Choaba Singh said.
The policy had chalked out plans for development of polo grounds and grazing fields for the ponies.
“The government has allocated 23 acres of land in Heingang and Pangei for a pony farm. We are hopeful that we shall start work on its infrastructure before March,” Choaba Singh said. “We have applied for a loan with the rural infrastructure development fund of National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.”
At the championship match between Manipur and Argentina, polo seemed to need nobody’s help. On other days of the tournament, audience would gasp when the mallet hit the ball at a crucial moment. Today, it screamed. Men, women and children were one with the players, shouting angry advice across hundreds of yards, comfortably out of the team’s earshot.
It took three goals by Pradeep to beat Argentina’s 4-2 lead, and the game never turned from there. Men playing part-time defeated professionals from a country regarded as the mecca of modern polo.
Asked if he thinks their win will help polo, ponies and other players in Manipur, Pradeep said, “Two of us are in the armed forces, and four other team members are civilians. Now we will ask the government to provide jobs for them, and a promotion for us.”