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Delhi a magnum opus was build and destroyed seven times, tells the saga of the bygone era. Endowed with the power and charisma of creating myth; transcending moments of history- Delhi completes 100 glorious years. As a narrative of extraordinary time, Delhi has recorded amazing kaleidoscopic breadth of events – sometimes tragic, often triumphant as the stupendous talent of people.A city brimming with life has many stories wrapped, frozen in time, yet eloquent in their immediacy. There is much more to Delhi than her legendary history, rich cultural heritage, cultural diversity and religious unity. Delhi is a palimpsest, bearing the complexities, the contradictions, the beauty and the dynamism of the city where past coexist with present, many dynasties ruled from here and the cultural elements, absorbed into daily life. One side is monuments, icons of testimony to the grandeur of the past and, to other side is a long suffering Yamuna depicting the follies of the present. Delhi has a multilayer existence and is among the fastest growing cities. Stretching beyond seven cities created around 13th and 17th centuries; Delhi urban sprawl is extensive and still growing. There are skyscrapers, residential colonies and busting commercial malls all testimony to the changing time. Delhi soul is its energy, effervescence, ebullience manifested in the spirit of people. In a quest to build home and hope millions work here with zest, liveliness and fervor. Delhi embodies the subtle fusion of diverse ideas, of variety, of novelty of tradition through many decades. The uniqueness of Delhi is its strength to rejuvenate and withstand the test of time, which can be seen in its life style.
India is a great Nation; Delhi being the capital is a symbol of old and new shares this greatness. Delhi today is multidimensional multicultural and multi-progressive. It is in a constant state of cohesive flux. Delhi without question is home and hopes of millions. After independence Delhi has undergone radical transformation, and poses with a luminous gesture along the developed nation’s capitals. For a surprisingly long time Delhi was not the seat of power. However, every stone and brick here whispers to our ears a long and glorious history.
Between the fading ranges of Aravallis and long flowing Yamuna, Delhi has a labyrinth of history buried under its era. Delhi draws its name from Raja Dhilu. The earliest historical reference to Delhi dates back to first century BC. All through its history, the present capital of India has been an important player. Reasons for this might be found in its geographical location. Delhi has always been a convenient link between Central Asia, the northwest frontiers and the rest of the country. An inscription dating from the time of Asoka, the famous Mauryan king, tells us that Delhi was on the great northern highway of the Mauryas and linked their capital Patliputta (near modern Patna, Bihar) with Taxila (Takshashila), now in Pakistan. This was apparently the route that Buddhist monks took on their way to Taxila, the intellectual hotbed in those days, and Central Asia. What one can read between the lines is that it was also the route that the Mauryan armies took enroute to quelling the frequent rebellions and foreign insurgencies in Taxila and other such border trouble spots.
So, this gave Delhi considerable strategic importance. The story of Delhi unfolds into the multi city existence, which is depicted below:
Indraprastha 1450 BC Site: In Purana Qila
Remains: Archeological finds now support the view that this was indeed Delhi’s earliest city. This has not surprised anyone in Delhi, for popular opinion had never doubted the existence of Indraprashtha. Reasons for its decline are not known.
Lal Kot or Qila Rai Pithora 1060 AD Site: Qutub Minar-Mehrauli complex.
Remains: Very little remains of the original Lal Kot. Of the 13 gates of Rai Pithora fort, now only three remain.Built by: Rajput Tomaras. 12th century; captured and enlarged by the Rajput king Prithviraj Chauhan.
Siri 1304 AD Site: Near Hauz Khas and Gulmohar Park.
Remains: Some portions and walls remain. Alauddin Khilji also built other things around Siri. Like, the beautiful Alai Darwaza, the south gate of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque and reservoir in present-day Hauz Khas.Built by: Alauddin Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate. Alauddin Khilji was well-known for his trade reforms, so it’s not surprising that Siri was a major trading centre.
Tughlaqabad 1321-23 AD Site: 8km from the Qutub complex.
Remains: Walls and some ruined buildings. Built by: Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. Jahanpanah Mid-14th century
Site: Between Siri and Qutub MinarRemains: A few remnants of defensive ramparts.Built by: Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq
Ferozabad 1354 AD Site: Kotla Feroze Shah.
Remains: Only the Asoka Pillar rising from the ruins remains. There is stadium for cricket which is called Feroze Shah Kotla grounds.Built by: Feroze Shah Tughlaq. It remained the capital until Sikander Lodi moved to Agra.
Dilli Sher Shahi (Shergarh) 1534
Site: Opposite the zoo. Around Purana Qila.
Remains: High gates,walls,mosque and a great baoli(well). Kabuli and Lal Darwaza gates and the Sher Mandal.
Built by: This Delhi was actually started by Humayun, the second Mughal Emperor and was completed by, Sher Shah Suri.
City: Shajahanabad Mid-17th century Site: The existing Old Delhi. Remains: The Red Fort, Jama Masjid, main streets of Old Delhi (like Chandini Chowk), long sections of walls and several city gates. Old Delhi might be congested, but it still retains its medieval charm. The people are very warm and welcoming. Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor moved his capital from Agra to here.The capital of India is not only known for its rich historical background but also for some exquisite arts and crafts. In fact, the arts and crafts of Delhi have been patronized since the times of the royals. As a cultural center of its time, Delhi attracted the best of painters, musicians and dancers. This is so because there is no specific identity of the city. With time, people from different areas of India came and settled, making Delhi an assortment of sorts. Slowly and gradually, Delhi assumed some of the aspects of the identity of all the types of people living in it, making multiple identities for it.Delhi has is of diversity, that richness of people coming from different backgrounds characterized by the plurality of people divided in terms of religion, region, language, cast and class; individual with unequal status but, with a shared access to resource and opportunity to seek one’s goal and vision.
Delhi- always a flashpoint, hub of multi-activities capturing the ebb and flow, high and low of footprints of time. The air of Delhi is full of follies of the present and fragrance of the past, as also the fresh pricing winds, refreshing, paving way for new India.

Read more / Original news source: http://manipur-mail.com/centenary-of-the-capital/

The Union Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee addressed the this Meeting of CMs of East Zone States in Kolkata today. He said, “We have here today a diversified mix of Eastern states consisting of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tripura and West Bengal.
From the banking perspective, we have a mix of states with varying level of access to banking facilities, flow of credit to priority sectors and over all C-D ratio. State Governments and the bankers are working in close coordination to tap the potential of each State/Union Territory and promoting credit flow into various growth areas. States with a high level of co-operation with Banks have done well in availing their banking services. It will, indeed, be a great learning process to share each other’s experience and formulate appropriate strategy to approach state specific problems. Nonetheless, I would like to highlight a few issues relating to flow of credit and some other related issues.
It has been our endeavour to ensure timely availability of agricultural credit in adequate measure at an affordable cost to the farmers. A special package was announced earlier to usher in green revolution in the Eastern region. For the current financial year, we have set a target of Rs. 4,75,000 crore for credit flow to the agriculture sector. Bank have already extended credit of Rs. 2,23,380 crore as on 30th Sept,2011. During the year 2011-12, short term crop loans will be available at an attractive interest rate of 4 per cent per annum for prompt repaying farmers. It will be our earnest effort to cover all the eligible farmers. States should make efforts to generate awareness about the Scheme so the farmers can benefit from cheaper credit while the banks get timely repayment. In terms of employment generation, Micro and Small Enterprises (MSE) is next only to agriculture. This sector also plays a crucial role in furthering the objective of equitable and inclusive growth. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has set separate targets for flow of credit to MSE Sector and for micro enterprises within this overall target for MSE Sector. Last year, Rs. 4,000 crore was provided to SIDBI for refinancing incremental lending by banks to these enterprises. For the year 2011-12, as announced in my budget speech, the provision has been increased to Rs. 5,000 crore. On all India basis, the outstanding MSE credit has exceeded the target but there has been a shortfall in the share of advances to micro enterprises. State-wise performance in MSE sector also differs. While Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and
Tripura have shown an impressive growth in credit flow, other states particularly Manipur have reflected lower credit growth. Similarly, East Zone states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Mizoram, Nagaland and Odisha could not achieve 50 per cent target of credit flow to micro enterprises within the MSE Sector; rest of the states under review have achieved the stipulated target of 50 per cent I would like to advise the State Governments to devise suitable schemes in cluster/location specific industry groups for improved credit flow. We have taken up an ambitious plan ‘Swabhiman’ for Financial Inclusion. We have set a target for coverage of 73000 habitations of the country with banking facilities by the year 2012. By the end of October, 2011, on all India basis over 45000 villages have been covered which is around 62 per cent of the target. In the States represented here today, I find that out of 23,000 villages allotted to East Zone for provision of banking services, nearly 12,000 villages have been covered by the end of October 2011, which comes to about a little over 50 per cent of the target. Therefore, the rest of the villages representing nearly 50 per cent of the target needs to be covered by the end of March, 2012. This in turn will require massive efforts on the part of state Governments and banks
particularly the RRBs. There has been significant flow of credit to Housing Sector to States in the East Zone in 2010-11. Housing loans in the states of Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura have shown a remarkable growth of 62 per cent and 45 per cent during 2010-11 respectively. I request states of Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, & Jharkhand to focus on the growth of Housing Loans as their growth is less than 20 per cent. To further stimulate growth in housing sector, in my budget speech, I have liberalized the existing scheme of interest subvention of 1 per cent on housing loans by extending it to housing loan upto Rs.15 lakh where the cost of the house does not exceed Rs.25 lakh. States should popularize the scheme among the targeted beneficiaries.
With regard to the Credit Deposit (CD) Ratio, I find that all East Zone States are having lower CD Ratio in comparison to 60 per cent benchmark. CD ratio in relation to States of Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Tripura are less than 30 per cent. I request, particularly, the Chief Ministers of these states to use the forum of SLBC meetings effectively and take pro-active action to ensure that the CD Ratio in their States is improved.
Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are playing an increasingly important role in the growth of rural economy. I am happy to note that out of 82 RRBs functioning in the country, 80 RRBs have rolled out the CBS. These institutions will soon be a part of National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT). I am also happy to note that all the 22 RRBs functioning in the East Zone states are participating in the NEFT system through their sponsor bank. With this all the RRBs in the country will be in a position to provide facility to their customers to remit funds across the country. As regards, financial support, the Government of India in 2010-11 has announced scheme of supporting 40 weakest RRBs. 13 RRBs have been provided recapitalization support during 2010-11 and 2011-12 to the tune of Rs. 354.64 crore, half of which has been contributed by the Central Government. The ten State Governments of the Eastern region are now required to release Rs. 198.50 crore for recapitalization of 18 RRBs. I would request them to release their share expeditiously.
We have been encouraging expansion of RRBs in terms of opening new Branches. To improve the coverage of RRB, 269 branches of RRBs will be opened by March 2012 and 539 branches will be opened by March, 2013 in the Eastern Region. I request the State Governments to extend their full supports for expansion of branch network of RRBs.
Apart from expansion of banking facilities in rural areas there is also a need for improving insurance penetration in rural areas. I notice that a number of districts, especially, in the North Eastern States are not having a single branch of Insurance companies – either Life or non life. For instance, out of 194 Districts covered under review today, 53 districts do not have any Branch. Similarly, out of 56 NE Districts, 31 do not have any Branch. I am instructing LIC and Non-life Insurance Companies to ensure that all Districts have at least one Branch or a satellite office during the coming year. We have been popularizing insurance coverage of rural poor through various schemes as a part of Financial Inclusion. Aam Admi Bima Yojana (AABY) and Janashree Bima Yojana (JBY) are important insurance schemes of the Government of India meant to support the rural landless households, rural and urban poor and informal workers and their families.
The coverage under these insurance schemes needs to be improved. Government has introduced a co-contributory voluntary pension scheme – “Swavalamban” with effect from September 2010, under which Central Government contributes Rs. 1000 per account per annum for an annual minimum saving of Rs. 1000 and upto Rs, 12000 per annum.
The coverage so far at the country level is about 3.65 lakhs under the scheme. The State Governments should take benefit under the scheme and should bring all the workers in the unorganised sector under the ambit of Swavalamban Scheme.
Delay in the implementation of projects, particularly in the infrastructure and manufacturing sector, not only deprives the economy of its benefits, downstream investment and resultant employment generation, it also make the projects vulnerable to time and cost overrun and thereby impacts their viability. In my recent review, it has come to my notice that implementation of a number of projects are held up due to regulatory approval. I would request the Chief Ministers to pay personal attention to this aspect and review the status of approvals in large projects in their states. CMDs of the PSBs have been advised to approach the State Governments for expediting the approvals in projects financed by them.
E-payment is another area where I would seek the cooperation of the Chief Ministers. As you are aware all Public Sector Banks are almost completely on the core banking platform. All the RRBs, barring a few, have also rolled out CBS and soon be a part of NEFT. Since the required system for paperless transmission of funds is in place, the States should introduce mandatory e-payment for its various transactions such as payment to its employees, contractors, etc. There are large number of schemes both by the Central Government and State Governments where cash benefits are transferred to the beneficiaries. Under the financial inclusion plan under implementation, banking services are expanding rapidly. I would urge the Chief Ministers to shift to electronic benefit transfer in all villages which have been covered with banking services in a time bound manner. Government of India is keen to expand and strengthen the branch network of banks in eastern states, particularly in the north eastern states. Out of 69 unbanked blocks in NE region, 27 blocks were covered with banking services by 30th November, 2011. The remaining 42 unbanked blocks are in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland. I would urge the banks to extend the banking services to these remaining blocks also by 31st March, 2012. Government has also directed that in the under banked districts, the banks shall open a regular brick & mortar branch in habitations with population of 5000 and above. In the North Eastern Region, 47 Districts do not have a Clearing House and 8 Districts do not have a Currency Chest. Government is pursuing to ensure that all the Districts of N-E Region have atleast one Currency Chest and Clearing House each in all the districts, I am happy to note that eleven clearing houses will be operationalised by March, 2012 of which 5 will be in the North East States. Similarly, three currency chests will be established by March, 2012, of which one will be in Assam. However, Government will ensure that the currency requirement of all the districts in NE region are adequately met. To conclude, the Eastern States have immense potential. The need, therefore, is to identify the opportunities and recognize the challenges to work towards a sustainable and inclusive growth of the region supported with greater penetration of the formal financial sector.

Read more / Original news source: http://manipur-mail.com/finance-minister-in-the-meeting-with-chief-ministers-of-east-zone/